The sun does not know stability and constantly fences us with material emissions into space. The most notable events are called coronal mass ejection (CME). Typically, such storms begin with a warning in the form of a surge of heat or energy particles. But recently a new species has appeared that has put scientists at a dead end: it seems that a storm has appeared from nowhere. This is a “hidden CME”.
An international group of scientists has created a model imitating the evolution of mysterious solar storms. For this purpose, we used the data from the STEREO and SOHO missions to create an ideal scheme that coincides with the observations. It demonstrates how a slow and silent process unexpectedly forms a swirling mass of magnetic fields on a star, which also suddenly rushes into space. All this happens without warning.
If the speed of a typical CME reaches 1,800 miles per second, then these have 250-435 miles per second. This speed is only slightly higher than the usual solar wind. This indicator does not give enough power to create a large space weather event, but due to the internal magnetic structure, they still violate the earth's magnetic field. The model used differential solar rotation (the equator rotates faster than the poles). It turned out that it is this type of rotation that causes the magnetic fields to stretch at different speeds. This creates enough energy to form hidden CMEs for two weeks. Rotation gradually increases the intensity of the magnetic field lines, giving rise to a tensioned energy thread. At the moment of maximum stress, she suddenly shoots.
Such modeling helps to better understand how a star affects our space. In addition, it adds knowledge in space weather forecasting.
